The private sector plays an active role in implementation of mechanisms concerning the mitigation of climate change. In spite of that, the corporate actors play a limited direct role in international arenas when it comes to negotiating the design of climate and energy regime. The climate and energy governance in the United Nations system remains mostly state-centric, but the active participation of corporate actors in negotiation of climate and energy regimes is essential to increase the effectiveness of their governance. Business (...) is not just a subject of a regulatory climate and energy imposed by the state; rather, business is an intrinsic part of the fabric of climate and energy governance, as “rule-maker,” particularly in the many voluntary regimes. However, the architecture in place should guarantee that the private sector does not highjack the decisions and its positions are balanced by other non-governmental actors in the process. This article analyzes the role that the private sector can play in the global climate and energy governance. The private sector does not only play a “rule taker” role in the climate change and energy regime. Indeed, they are not passive observers as they influence through indirect means. The results suggest that the private sector is able to play a key role in global climate and energy governance based on the principle of multi-stakeholder participation in global decision-making, but the architecture should be able to balance the goods and bads of private direct influence in international regimes. (shrink)

This text examines the tensions and the dissonances in the relation between religion and public sphere in contemporary Brazil. Based on a Sociology and on an Anthropology of the phenomena of secularization and secularity, the purpose is to demonstrate the “porosity” of the Brazilian public/political system with the religious milieu. By applying a socio-historical perspective, the work attempts to understand how the boundaries between religion and politics were precariously constructed throughout the constitution of our State in Brazil, without ever having (...) been institutionally well-delimited. This vacuum, which generated concessions on the part of the State to major Christian religions, guaranteed public legitimacy to their religious symbols in official state spaces, which are, in principle, neutral and secular. However, the 1988 Constitution represented the influx of modern and secular legislation that legitimized subjects of rights such as women, black people, indigenous peoples, LGBTs, environmentalists, etc. Given that background, this reflection aims at contributing to the interpretation of the complexity involved in the multiple and contradictory presence – in the public sphere – of both major Christian religions – which are based on an agenda of conservative religious values – and liberal and libertarian projects organized by segments of civil society and public agents, which generate tensions and dissonances. To understand this reality – as a mosaic of interactions and antagonisms –, we work with the notion of “pluri-confessionality” of Mexican sociologist Roberto Blancarte and also with the notions of secularity of “recognition” and of “integration” of French political scientist Philippe Portier. Hence, we attempt to reach theoretically and empirically a broader and nuanced understanding of our public-political system in the relation with the religious dimension. (shrink)

O presente estudo, levado a efeito em 2012, teve por objetivo investigar as tendências da pesquisa educacional no que se refere aos chamados “distúrbios de aprendizagem”. Por meio da análise de 183 resumos de teses e dissertações que abordaram as dificuldades de aprendizagem, depositadas no banco de teses da CAPES entre 1987 e 2010 e, com base nas contribuições de Williams e Bourdieu, analisamos essas produções, das quais foram coletados os seguintes dados: Quem foram os autores institucionais? Quando se deram (...) as defesas? Como as investigações foram produzidas? Por fim, procuramos recolher dados que pudessem evidenciar se a tendência de imputar o baixo rendimento escolar a pretensos “distúrbios de aprendizagem” prevaleceu durante todo o período investigado ou se a perspectiva crítica, representada pelos estudos de Patto e Collares & Moysés, passou a influir sobre essa produção. Os resultados apontam que, apesar da disseminação da perspectiva contrária à prática de atribuir aos alunos as causas do seu baixo rendimento escolar, ainda prevalece a concepção tradicional, embora a produção com base na perspectiva crítica tenha crescido no período analisado. (shrink)

A experiência hebraica da transcendência é radicalmente diferente do conhecimento, experiência originária para os gregos. Recorrendo a uma exposição sintética do pensamento de Levinas, pretende-se com este texto mostrar que é possível sair da ontologia, pensamento essencialmente grego, e mostrar que o sentido nela originado pode ser superado por um outro cuja origem está para lá do ser. /// L'expérience hebraïque de la transcendance est radicalement différente de la connaissance, expérience originaire pour les Grecs. En recourrant à un exposé synthétique (...) de la pensée de Lévinas, on prétend, par ce texte, montrer qu'il est possible de sortir de l'ontologie, pensée essentiellement grecque, et que le sens qui s'origine en elle peut être dépassé par un autre dont Torigine se trouve par-delà l'être. /// The hebraic experience of transcendence is radically different from knowledge, which is a fundamental experience for the Greek. On the basis of a synthetic explanation of Levinas' thought, this paper puts forward the view that is possible to move away from ontology, an essentially greek way of thinking, stressing that its category of "meaning" can be replaced with advantage by another one whose origin is beyond being, "meaning" can ontology. (shrink)

Estudo introdutório de apresentação, seguido de tradução, da palestra “Fenomenologia e antropologia”, ministradas por Edmund Husserl nas sedes da Kantgesellschaft de Frankfurt, Berlim e Halle em 1931, na qual avalia criticamente, a partir dos pressupostos transcendentais da fenomenologia, a tendência da filosofia alemã dos anos 20 do século passado para uma antropologia filosófica.

This article studies the mathematical properties of two systems that model Aristotle's original syllogistic and the relationship obtaining between them. These systems are Corcoran's natural deduction syllogistic and ?ukasiewicz's axiomatization of the syllogistic. We show that by translating the former into a first-order theory, which we call T RD, we can establish a precise relationship between the two systems. We prove within the framework of first-order logic a number of logical properties about T RD that bear upon the same properties (...) of the natural deduction counterpart ? that is, Corcoran's system. Moreover, the first-order logic framework that we work with allows us to understand how complicated the semantics of the syllogistic is in providing us with examples of bizarre, unexpected interpretations of the syllogistic rules. Finally, we provide a first attempt at finding the structure of that semantics, reducing the search to the characterization of the class of models of T RD. (shrink)

Este artigo traça um paralelo entre os eventos da Odisseia e a exploração dos jogos de azar. Para tanto, utilizando-se livremente de várias abordagens filosóficas, é defendido que o ser humano é naturalmente um jogador, com uma liberdade que é restrita a partir do surgimento do Estado. Este, tendo seus desdobramentos representados por Calipso, Cila e Caríbdis, terá que harmonizar essa natureza com seu poder soberano, regulamentando a exploração dos jogos de azar.

Resenha de "O contrato racial" de Charles W. Mills.

The combined use of computers and telecommunications and the latest evolution in the field of Artificial Intelligence brought along new ways of contracting and of expressing will and declarations. The question is, how far we can go in considering computer intelligence and autonomy, how can we legally deal with a new form of electronic behaviour capable of autonomous action? In the field of contracting, through Intelligent Electronic Agents, there is an imperious need of analysing the question of expression of consent, (...) and two main possibilities have been proposed: considering electronic devices as mere machines or tools, or considering electronic devices as legal persons. Another possibility that has been frequently mentioned consists in the application of the rules of agency to electronic transactions. Meanwhile, the question remains: would it possible, under a Civil Law framework, to apply the notions of “legal personhood” and “representation” to electronic agents? It is obvious that existing legal norms are not fit for such an endeavouring challenge. Yet, the virtual world exists and it requires a new but realistic legal approach on software agents, in order to enhance the use of electronic commerce in a global world. (shrink)

Although they are often used as synonyms, emancipation and liberation constitute two distinct normative horizons in critical theory of society. In this article, I offer an analysis of these two concepts, including their historical and epistemological characteristics, pointing out similarities, differences and the possibilities for their combined use as basis of models of normative social criticism. I argue that the critical horizon of human emancipation emerges in post-Kantian European thought, while the horizon of liberation was developed in Latin American decolonial (...) thinking in the second half of the 20th century. The horizon of emancipation arises with the critique of the primacy of systemic domination, while liberation emerges in the resistance to the primacy of the experience of oppression. The analytical distinction between these two normative horizons can be helpful to better understand both the foundations of epistemic decolonization and the potential for dialogue between the critical perspectives of center and periphery. (shrink)

RESUMO Este trabalho objetiva aproximar a perspectiva filosófica de Mikhail Bakhtin à literatura de Clarice Lispector. Percebe-se a abordagem bakhtiniana da noção de “ato responsável” encenada na crônica-conto “Mineirinho” que, além de nos deslocar e nos convidar a refletir sobre o nosso ser e estar no movimento da vida, nos convoca a pensar ativa e participativamente no/o mundo experienciado e partilhado com o outro.

Esta es una investigación cualitativa de tipo exploratorio, que tiene como objetivo examinar las Representaciones sociales acerca de la adopción en parejas sin hijos y con posibilidades de adoptar, para lo cual se aplicará una entrevista semiestructurada a 50 parejas, además de una ficha de caracterización sociodemográfica elaborada para esta investigación. Se concluye que las parejas tienen una representación sesgada de la adopción, y prejuicios respecto a la edad, la salud, la historia de los niños y niñas, que determinan las (...) resistencias y representaciones respecto a la adopción. Asimismo, las parejas anteponen el proyecto de vida personal, la estabilidad económica, dificultades en los procesos adoptivos, y supuestas preferencias por familias extranjeras, como criterios que dan forma a la resistencia a adoptar, aun cuando identifican que la adopción es un proceso necesario en la sociedad que debe ser fortalecido y asumido por más personas. (shrink)

This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to test for nationality bias among members of the Brazilian philosophical community. Faculty members and postgraduate students from philosophy departments at seven Brazilian universities evaluated texts attributed to authors of European and Latin American nationalities. Results showed a clear preference for French nationality over Brazilian. They were inconclusive, however, when contrasting other Latin American nationalities with European nationalities, which likely relates to the academic background of the participants. These overall results support (...) the claim that Brazilian academic philosophers are highly critical of Brazilians who produce theories of their own. The paper calls on philosophers to carefully consider the ways in which Eurocentrism impacts their very ability to reason. (shrink)

Este trabajo tiene como fin revisar los informes sobre derechos humanos en Colombia de la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos, en busca de evidencia que demuestre la interrelación anulativa de los actores sociales del conflicto armado en contra de la dignidad de las victimas. La violencia y todo acto de terrorismo emergente del conflicto armado aumentan la vulnerabilidad, el silenciamiento de la memoria, la impunidad y, en gran medida, promueve una lógica evasiva de (...) responsabilidades y reparaciones que son necesarias para esclarecer los hechos victimizantes y otorgar voz a los afectados. El conflicto armado sume a las víctimas en una dinámica del terror que impacta todas sus áreas de desarrollo y limita su sentido de seguridad, confianza y credibilidad en el otro y en las instituciones sociales. (shrink)

Neste artigo pretendemos compreender se, e de que forma, o cinema pode servir a uma cosmopoética do pensamento decolonial. Para tanto, nos apoiaremos em alguns conceitos dos estudos decoloniais, que buscam atualizar a tradição crítica do pensamento latino-americano a partir da problematização do pensamento hegemônico (eurocêntrico), oferecendo novas releituras histórias e novas possibilidades de produção dos saberes. A perspectiva decolonial opera fornecendo novos horizontes para o pensamento, promovendo uma ecologia dos modos de saber e conhecimento não reconhecidos pelas epistemologias dominantes. (...) Assim, buscamos entender a potência cosmopoética do cinema e como ele pode contribuir, dentro dos espaços de educação, como alternativa epistemológica para o pensamento decolonial. (shrink)

Todas as dimensões do ensino de geografia contribuem para a construção de referenciais de leitura do mundo, conferem poder a indivíduos e grupos em suas interações e relações, do mesmo modo que os posiciona, tanto do ponto de vista geográfico quanto social. A Geografia tem, portanto, na perspectiva de Santos (2009), relação direta com a constituição da ideia de raça e com a instauração de formas de relações raciais. Neste artigo tem-se como objetivo identificar como as dimensões das colonialidades, ou (...) seja, a colonialidade o poder, do saber e do ser se reproduzem do ensino de Geografia na interface com as relações étnico-raciais e, ao mesmo tempo, analisar como as epistemes decoloniais e a perspectiva de educação antirracista, em conformidade com a lei 10.639/2003, interpelam os processos de racialização e produção do conhecimento acerca das relações étnico-raciais no ensino de Geografia. (shrink)

How can dispute records shed light on the study of dispute settlement processes and their social and political underpinnings? This volume addresses this question by investigating the interplay between record-making, disputing process, and the social and political contexts of conflicts. The authors make use of exceptionally rich charter materials from the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and Scandinavia, including different types of texts directly and indirectly related to conflicts, in order to contribute to a comparative survey of early medieval dispute records and (...) to a better understanding of the interplay between judicial and other less formal modes of conflict resolution. Contributors are Isabel Alfonso, José M. Andrade, François Bougard, Warren C. Brown, Wendy Davies, Julio Escalona, Kim Esmark, Adam J. Kosto, Juan José Larrea, André Evangelista Marques, Josep M. Salrach, Igor Santos Salazar, and Francesca Tinti. (shrink)

Sports management is a fundamental subject for anyone interested in the world of sport. This article addresses the systemic evolution of sports management as a discipline that integrates several aspects, from the organization of sports events to the management of teams and athletes. The methodology consists of a three-stage procedure: bibliometric analysis, identification of key words, critical analysis of the books, which includes the Prisma search engine used in the Scopus database and analyzed by the Bibliometrix Software. The initial sample (...) was n=450 studies included in the review, only Scopus, in Spanish and English. Among the main results, it is important to highlight how sports management allows sports teams and organizations to function effectively and efficiently. In conclusion, it was possible to establish as important variables the impact of sports management in specific contexts, organizational culture, quality, level of satisfaction of the processes, training and professional profile, communication management in sports events and perception of sports managers, being fundamental for success in sport. Furthermore, knowing how its theoretical, legal and ethical conception has evolved, transcends anti-doping regulations and athlete safety, towards the transformation of traditional sport into digital sport. Currently, sports management is experiencing a series of significant changes that are transforming the way in which this discipline is studied and applied. (shrink)

Resumo: A reforma na educação básica promovida Lei 5.692/1971, no contexto do regime militar pós-1964, teve como uma de suas consequências a exclusão da Filosofia do ensino médio. Em resposta, educadores, estudantes e entidades ligadas a essa área de conhecimento iniciaram um amplo movimento pela volta da disciplina às escolas. No centro desse movimento estavam os Departamentos de Filosofia de algumas das principais universidades do país, os quais promoveram encontros nacionais para debater e planejar ações voltadas a esse objetivo. O (...) presente artigo pretende discutir brevemente as considerações do I Encontro Nacional de Departamentos de Filosofia, realizado em 1981, no Rio de Janeiro, do qual resultaram o Documento do Rio de Janeiro e, mais tarde, o Documento de Brasília, ambos com grande repercussão na imprensa. O texto é parte da dissertação de mestrado do autor, defendida em 1991, aqui atualizado e adaptado para fins de publicação. Espera-se que a retomada daquelas discussões auxilie professores e estudantes de filosofia a enfrentar os desafios com que se deparam contemporaneamente. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Filosofia; Documento do Rio de Janeiro; Documento de Brasília; Filosofia no ensino médio. The movement for the return of Philosophy to secondary education in the post-1964 context: the first National Meeting of Philosophy Departments and the Brasília Document Abstract: The reform in basic education promoted by Law 5.692/1971, in the context of the post-1964 military regime, had as one of its consequences the exclusion of Philosophy from secondary education. In response, educators, students and entities connected to this area of knowledge started a broad movement for the return of the subject to the schools. At the centre of this movement were the Philosophy Departments of some of the main universities, which promoted national meetings to discuss and plan actions aimed at this goal. The present article intends to briefly discuss the considerations of the 1st National Meeting of Philosophy Departments, held in 1981 in Rio de Janeiro, which resulted in the Rio de Janeiro Document and, later, the Brasilia Document, both of which had great echoes in the press. The text is part of the author's Master's dissertation, defended in 1991, here updated and adapted for publication purposes. It is hoped that the resumption of those discussions will help teachers and students of philosophy to deal with the challenges they face contemporarily. Key-words: Teaching of Philosophy; Rio de Janeiro Document; Brasilia Document; Philosophy in secondary education. Il movimento per il ritorno della filosofia nell'istruzione secondaria nel contesto post-1964: il primo Incontro Nazionale dei Dipartimenti di Filosofia e il Documento di Brasília Astratto: La riforma dell’istruzione promossa dalla legge 5.692/1971, nel contesto del regime militare post-1964, ha avuto tra le sue conseguenze l’esclusione della filosofia dalle scuole secondarie. In risposta, educatori, studenti e associazioni legate a quest’area del sapere hanno dato vita a un ampio movimento per il ritorno della disciplina nelle scuole. Al centro di questo movimento c’erano i Dipartimenti di Filosofia di alcune delle principali università del Paese, che hanno promosso incontri nazionali per discutere e organizzare azioni in tal senso. Il presente articolo intende discutere brevemente le considerazioni del 1° Incontro Nazionale dei Dipartimenti di Filosofia, tenutosi nel 1981 a Rio de Janeiro, che ha prodotto il Documento di Rio de Janeiro e, successivamente, il Documento di Brasília, entrambi di grande impatto sulla stampa. Il testo fa parte della tesi di Master dell’autore, presentata nel 1991, qui aggiornata e adattata ai fini della pubblicazione. Si spera che la ripresa di queste discussioni aiuti i professori e gli studenti di filosofia ad affrontare le sfide che si pongono al giorno d’oggi. Parole chiave: Insegnamento della filosofia; Documento di Rio de Janeiro; Documento di Brasilia; Filosofia nell'istruzione secondaria. Data de registro: 23/01/2023 Data de aceite: 23/08/2023. (shrink)

Este articulo analiza el proceso de integración del Mercosur en el que participan Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay y sus efectos sobre la ciudadanía política y social. En la primera parte del mismo los autores examinan los rasgos, el contexto de nacimiento y la filos ofía del proceso de integración mercosureño. La segunda parte analiza la evoluciónde la democracia y de la justicia social durante el proceso de integración. Los autores llegan a la conclusión de que el modelo de integración (...) mercosureño no puede contrarrestar la crisis de la democracia y de la justicia social que tienen lugar especialmente en Argentina y Brasil. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o conceito de diáspora e as novas linhas de investigação intelectuais abertas a partir do uso crescente do conceito, em especial, na música da diáspora Africana. Faz uma reflexão sobre o legado da filosofia moderna no processo de esvaziamento da possibilidade reflexiva da música negra, bem como, identifica no marcador da diáspora a condição desestabilizadora de absolutismos nacionais da música no Brasil que foram, diferentemente de outros assentamentos africanos da diáspora, ligados a creolização (...) e hibridação, influenciada pela fundamentação de mestiçagem que promoveu uma centralização na figura do “popular” e do “folclórico” das manifestações da música da diáspora africana no Brasil. Nesse contexto informa o “momento” de recepção da ideia de Diáspora Africana e como ela legitima o discurso da música negra no Brasil reagindo aos valores e padrões de um sistema de representações que restringem o acesso às culturas diaspóricas a sua reflexividade. Palavras-chave: África, Diáspora, Música Negra, Relações Raciais, pós-colonialismo. (shrink)

The disease brought about by the SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 coronavirus has had an unprecedented global impact. Confinement to control the outbreak may have mental health consequences for the most vulnerable in the population, including adolescents. This study aims to describe and analyze the relationships between the stress variables, Emotional Intelligence and the intention to use cannabis in healthy adolescents, before and after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic containment stage. A comparative correlational study was carried out with validated self-completed questionnaires through (...) an online platform. The sample is made up of adolescents aged 13–17 from two different schools in Ponferrada. The analysis of correlation and differences between the groups indicate that confinement has had effects on the mental health of the adolescents, specifically on the emotional manifestations of stress. Furthermore, significant gender differences were found for stress values and Emotional Intelligence. However, no differences have been found for cannabis use intention. (shrink)

This article investigates if and how negotiators' self-efficacy beliefs affect their use of deception in negotiation. Specifically, we propose that self-efficacy can be interpreted as a threat to self-concept, which encourages individuals to temporarily bypass self-regulatory obstacles by morally disengaging their cognitive moral filters, thereby enabling them to use deception in negotiation. We test our hypotheses in three independent experimental studies involving an interactive negotiation simulation, totalizing 460 participants. We find that negotiators with low self-efficacy regarding their negotiation abilities are (...) more likely to use deception than those with high self-efficacy beliefs. Furthermore, we find that moral disengagement mediates the effects of self-efficacy on deception. Our findings suggest that self-efficacy plays a key role in shaping negotiators' ethical behaviors and we identify the psychological mechanism underlying this relationship. (shrink)

O presente ensaio apresenta como ponto de partida o conto "Cadeira", do escritor português José Saramago, para ilustrar a contínua atualidade do estudo "Amizade, recusa do servir" da professora e filósofa Marilena Chaui, publicado em 1982 pela editora Brasiliense como posfácio da obra "Discurso da servidão voluntária", de Étienne de La Boétie. Nossa intenção é partir da alegoria saramaguiana da queda da ditadura salazarista em Portugal para mostrar como o pensamento de La Boétie, especialmente quando analisado por Chaui, trespassa (...) incólume séculos inteiros chegando até a contemporaneidade europeia e brasileira e que possíveis caminhos alternativos a este sistema podem se apresentar. (shrink)

Apresentação do Dossiê "Relações Étnico-raciais, Branquitude e Decolonialidade na Educação".

Emotional intelligence is a psychological skill that aids athletes in the control of emotions and optimization of sports performance. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test in 508 Brazilian youth and adult athletes. Data analysis was conducted through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability and Pearson’s Correlation. EFA revealed the one-factor model with 26 items with the best adjustment. CFA confirmed the one-factor model with 26 items with best greater fit. No (...) evidence of invariance was found, suggesting that the SSEIT must be used with caution when comparing gender and age groups. The external validity was found in the correlation of EI and cognitive anxiety and self-confidence. It is concluded that the Brazilian version of SSEIT for the sports context presented acceptable psychometric properties, however, showed limitations that should be explored in the future. (shrink)